State Status of OPCs
A map of OPC Legislation
Our methodology
Every bill related to the legality, funding and study of an overdose prevention center is here. Authorization is defined as establishing legal immunity for said sites. Including bills that are against OPCs. If a bill is superseded by an updated version in the same session — we will list only the updated version.
Has the governor come out on record supporting or opposing OPCs? Otherwise, we record this as a no comment.
Override refers to an override of a governors veto. Stalled refers to any action that kills a bill (this includes voting it down). Carryover means an identical version of the bill was taken to the next session. Ongoing means the legislation is being considered.
States/Cities With Some Approval
Jump to: Rhode Island, New York, Vermont, Minnesota.
‘Rhode Island first authorized overdose prevention centers in 2021 through a bill that allowed for a two year pilot. This bill was reauthorized in 2023. The site operated by Project Weber/RENEW was opened in early 2025.
Governor Support:
Legislative History:
2024 – Providence City Council – Resolution 44071 – Project Weber/RENEW – Overdose Prevention Center at 45 Willard Avenue
2023 – S0026: AN ACT RELATING TO HEALTH AND SAFETY – HARM REDUCTION CENTER ADVISORY COMMITTEE AND PILOT PROGRAM.
– Find the full bill history here (including voting record)
2021 – S0016B: AN ACT RELATING TO HEALTH AND SAFETY – HARM REDUCTION CENTER ADVISORY COMMITTEE AND PILOT PROGRAM.
– Find the full bill history here (including voting record)
NEW YORK
New York has two overdose prevention centers located in East Harlem and Washington Heights in New York City. They operate with city knowledge & cooperation.
Governor Support:
Legislative History:
2023 – Senate Bill S399A (Introduced)
– Find the full bill history here (including voting record)
2021 – New York City opens two overdose prevention centers.
VERMONT
Vermont has authorized an OPC pilot through its legislature. The governor vetoed the bill but the legislature used an override. The City of Burlington is poised to host this OPC and it will be operated by Vermonters for Criminal Justice Reform.
Governor Support:
Legislative History:
2024 – H. 72 (Act 78) – An act relating to a harm-reduction criminal justice response to drug use
– Find the full bill history here (including voting record)
MINNESOTA
Minnesota has authorized has authorized funding for up to 15 “safe recovery sites”. These sites can include overdose prevention centers but can also take other forms. Currently, no OPC operates in Minnesota. The bill provides funding but no legal authorization.
Governor Support:
Legislative History:
2023 – Senate Bill 2934
– Find the full bill history here (including voting record)
Other States
Jump to: California, Colorado, Connecticut, Illinois, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts
CALIFORNIA
California’s state legislature has authorized overdose prevention centers twice in the past in 2018 and 2022. Both bills were vetoed by Governors Brown and Newsom. The Tenderloin Center in San Francisco briefly operated as an overdose prevention center in 2022.
Governor Support:
Legislative History:
2022 – Senate Bill 57 – Controlled substances: overdose prevention program
– Find the full bill history here (including voting record)
2018 – Assembly Bill 186 – Controlled substances: overdose prevention program
– Find the full bill history here (including voting record)
COLORADO
The City of Denver passed an ordinance in 2018 authorizing an OPC should Colorado authorize one. Colorado’s House of Representatives has passed two bills to authorize an OPC in 2023 and 2024, but bills have stalled in the Senate.
Governor Support:
Legislative History:
2024 – HB24-1028 – Overdose Prevention Centers
– Find the full bill history here (including voting record)
2023 – HB23-1202 – Overdose Prevention Center Authorization
– Find the full bill history here (including voting record)
2018 – City of Denver – Bill 18-1292 – A bill for an ordinance authorizing a supervised use site pilot program contingent upon the state General Assembly passing legislation authorizing the operation of supervised use sites in the state of Colorado.
CONNECTICUT
A bill to authorize overdose prevention center pilots was introduced into the Connecticut General Assembly. It is currently proceeding.
Governor Support:
Legislative History:
2025 – SB-1285 – AN ACT ESTABLISHING AN OVERDOSE PREVENTION CENTER PILOT PROGRAM.
– Find the full bill history here (including voting record)
2025 – SB-460 – AN ACT CONCERNING IMMUNITY AND LIABILITY FOR OVERDOSE PREVENTION CENTERS.
– Find the full bill history here (including voting record)
HAWAII
A bill to authorize overdose prevention center pilots was introduced into the Hawaii House of Representatives and Senate.
Governor Support:
Legislative History:
2025 – SB957/HB240: A BILL FOR AN ACT RELATING TO OVERDOSE PREVENTION.
– Find the full bill history here (including voting record)
ILLINOIS
A bill to authorize an overdose prevention center pilot was introduced into the Illinois General Assembly.
Governor Support:
Legislative History:
2025 – HB2929
– Find the full bill history here (including voting record)
KENTUCKY
A bill to authorize a harm reduction center (places where people can consumed pre obtained substances) was introduced into the Kentucky House of Representatives in 2023.
Governor Support:
Legislative History:
2025 – AN ACT relating to controlled substances.
– Find the full bill history here (including voting record)
MAINE
A bill to authorize an overdose prevention center was introduced in 2025 following previous years attempts + the passage of legislation that would study the potential implementation of one. A working group has provided recommendations to the legislature.
Governor Support:
Legislative History:
2025 – LD755 – An Act to Prevent Opioid Overdose Deaths by Allowing Municipalities to Approve the Establishment of Overdose Prevention Centers
– Find the full bill history here (including voting record)
2023 – LD 1364 – Resolve, to Study Methods of Preventing Opioid Overdose Deaths by Authorizing Harm Reduction Health Centers
– Find the full bill history here (including voting record)
2023 – LD 1159 – An Act to Establish a Pilot Project Regarding Harm Reduction Health Centers
– Find the full bill history here (including voting record)‘
2017 – LD 1375 – An Act To Prevent Overdose Deaths and Infectious Diseases by Establishing Safer Drug Use Facilities
– Find the full bill history here (including voting record)
MARYLAND
Bills to authorize an overdose prevention center have been introduced since 2020. The City of Baltimore is supportive of opening an overdose prevention center.
Governor Support:
Legislative History:
2025 – SB0083/HB0845 – Public Health – Overdose and Infectious Disease Prevention Services Program
– Find the full bill history here (including voting record)
2024– SB0427/H1096 – Public Health – Overdose and Infectious Disease Prevention Services Program
– Find the full bill history here (including voting record)
2023– SB0618/HB0953 – Public Health – Overdose and Infectious Disease Prevention Services Program
– Find the full bill history here (including voting record)
2021– SB0279/HB0396 – Public Health – Overdose and Infectious Disease Prevention Services Program
– Find the full bill history here (including voting record)
2020– SB0990/HB0464 – Public Health – Overdose and Infectious Disease Prevention Services Program
– Find the full bill history here (including voting record)
MASSACHUSETTS
Language to authorize an overdose prevention center was introduced into an overdose substance use disorder treatment bill was passed in the Massachusetts Senate in 2024 but failed to pass the house. It was ultimately omitted from the final version of the bill. Another bill has been introduced for 2025.
Governor Support:
Legislative History:
2025 – H.2196/S.1393 – An Act relative to preventing overdose deaths and increasing access to treatment
– Find the full bill history here (including voting record)
2024 – Amendment S.2898
– Find the full bill history here (including voting record)
NEVADA
A bill to authorize overdose prevention centers was introduced into the Nevada State Assembly in 2023. The bill did not progress.
Governor Support:
Legislative History:
2023 – Assembly Bill 115- AN ACT relating to substance use disorders; authorizing the establishment of a program for the prevention of overdoses and disease under certain circumstances; requiring the operator of such a program to report certain information to the health authority, the board of county commissioners and the State Board of Health; providing for the confidentiality of certain information concerning such a program; exempting operators, employees, volunteers and participants of such a program from certain penalties; and providing other matters properly relating thereto.
– Find the full bill history here (including voting record)
NEW MEXICO
A bill was introduced into the New Mexico Legislature to create an overdose prevention program operated by the Department of Health which includes spaces for safe use.
Governor Support:
Legislative History:
2025 – HB355 – AN ACT RELATING TO PUBLIC HEALTH; AMENDING THE HARM REDUCTION ACT TO CREATE THE OVERDOSE PREVENTION PROGRAM; LIMITING CIVIL AND CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR PEOPLE ACTING PURSUANT TO THE HARM REDUCTION ACT.
– Find the full bill history here (including voting record)
States with anti OPC bills
ARIZONA
A bill has been introduced in Arizona to preemptively ban OPCs.
Legislative History:
2025– HB2798
– Find the full bill history here (including voting record)
MISSOURI
A public safety bill has been introduced in Missouri that contains text to preemptively ban OPCs.
Legislative History:
2025– HB495 / SB52 – Modifies provisions relating public safety
– Find the full bill history here (including voting record)
PENNSLYVANIA
A bill has been introduced in Philadelphia to preemptively ban OPCs with the threat of enforcement and fines. .
Legislative History:
2025– Senate Bill 347
– Find the full bill history here (including voting record)
UTAH
In 2025, the Utah State Legislature passed a bill that would prohibit the operation of an overdose prevention center and make it a second degree felony.
Legislative History:
2025– HB0199 – H.B. 199 Substance Use Treatment and Enforcement Amendments
– Find the full bill history here (including voting record)
